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breast pump
A breast pump is a mechanical device that extracts milk from the breasts of a lactating woman. Breast pumps may be manual devices powered by hand or foot movements or electrical devices powered by electricity or batteries.
== History ==
On June 20, 1854, the United States Patent Office issued Patent No. 11,135 to O.H. Needham for a breast pump.〔(Breast Pump, Patent No. 11,135 ) Retrieved on 2008-12-14.〕〔(Breast Pump, Patent No. 11,135 Google Patents abstract )〕 ''Scientific American'' (1863) credits L.O. Colbin as the inventor and patent applicant of a breast pump.〔''Scientific American'', Vol. 8, No. 4, January 24, 1863.〕 In 1921-23, engineer and chess master Edward Lasker produced a mechanical breast pump that imitated an infant's sucking action and was regarded by physicians as a marked improvement on existing hand-operated breast pumps, which failed to remove all the milk from the breast.〔Edward Lasker, ''Chess Secrets I Learned from the Masters'', David McKay, 1951, pp. 249-50. Lasker relates that he designed his device at the urging of pediatrician Dr. I.A. Abt of Chicago, and that Abt and obstetrician Dr. Joseph DeLee considered it a marked improvement on existing hand-operated breast pumps. Dr. DeLee considered the machine indispensable for any hospital that did maternity work. ''Id.''〕 The U.S. Patent Office issued for Lasker's breast pump.〔(Patent No. 1,644,257 issued by U.S. Patent Office )〕 In 1956 Einar Egnell published his groundbreaking work, "Viewpoints on what happens mechanically in the female breast during various methods of milk collection".〔1: Sven Lakartidn. 1956 Oct 5;53(40):2553-64.Links (on what happens mechanically in the female breast during various methods of milk collection. ) (in Swedish ) EGNELL E.〕 This article provided insight to the technical aspects of milk extraction from the breast. The Egnell SMB breastpump designed through this research is quite robust and many pumps are still in operation today over 50 years after publication.
Archaeologists working at a glass factory site in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, excavated a 19th-century breast pipe that matches breast pumping instruments in period advertisements.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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